Free Medical Study

ENDOCRINOLOGY - Mnemonics

Thyroid gland 
Symptoms of hypothyroidism 
Hypothyroidism is 10 times more common in females & occurs mainly in middle life. 
Mnemonic: MOMʼS SO TIRED 
M         Memory loss 
O         Obesity 
M         Malar flush/Menorrhagia 
S         Slowness 
S         Skin and hair become dry 
O         Onset is gradual 
T         Tired 
I           Intolerance to cold 
R         Raised blood pressure 
E         Energy levels are low 
D         Depressed 

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism 
Mnemonic: SWEATING 
S         Sweating 
W        Weight loss 
E         Emotional lability 
A         Appetite is increased 
T         Tremor/Tachycardia due to AF
I           Intolerance to heat/Irregular menstruation/Irritability 
N         Nervousness 
G         Goitre and Gastrointestinal problems (loose stools/diarrhoea) 

Adrenal glands 
Causes of Addisonʼs Disease 
Mnemonic: ADDISON 
A         Autoimmune (90% cases) 
D         Degenerative (amyloid) 
D         Drugs (ketoconazole) 
I           Infections (TB, HIV) 
S         Secondary (low ACTH); hypopituitarism 
O         Others – adrenal bleeding 
N         Neoplasia (secondary carcinoma) 

Pancreas 
Complications of diabetes mellitus 
Mnemonic: KEVINS 
K         Kidney: Nephropathy 
E         Eye disease: retinopathy and cataracts 
V         Vascular: coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral
vascular disease 
I           Infective: TB, recurrent UTIs 
N         Neuromuscular; Peripheral neuropathy 
S         Skin: Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, granuloma annulare, diabetic dermopathy